Describing the impact of psychological safety on risk prevention: A threshold model construction.

BACKGROUND: Like other things, psychological safety has a too-much-of-a-good-thing effect on the risk prevention process. There are warranted systematic and theoretical discussions on both positive and negative influences of psychological safety, which provide useful guides to handling potential risks for workers. OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on the psychological safety analysis of work safety for workers in high-risk industries through the construction of a theoretical model, illustrating that a higher level of psychological safety is not better. METHOD: This study explores the impact of workers' psychological safety on the potential risk of work safety by conducting a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature and employing inductive reasoning and analogy methodology. RESULTS: We systematically reviewed the research background and several hypotheses of psychological safety, described the relationship between psychological safety and risk prevention from three levels, and constructed the threshold initial, special, and extended model of psychological safety to reveal the importance of workers' psychological safety when handling potential risks. CONCLUSION: This research effectively describes the influence of high, moderate, and low levels of psychological safety on the risk prevention of work safety, which provides a psychological model guide to developing measures for the improvement of work safety management.

Role modeling of safety-leadership behaviors in the construction industry: A two-wave longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: The construction industry is heavily affected by occupational accidents, and it is important to investigate how leadership behaviors promoting safety on construction sites are fostered among construction-site managers. OBJECTIVE: The overall aim of this study was to investigate how safety-leadership behaviors can be developed in the construction industry, specifically focusing on managerial role modeling. METHODS: A two-wave longitudinal cohort study with approximately four months between measurement occasions was conducted among construction-site supervisors in Sweden (n = 51). Supervisors' ratings of their site managers' and their own generic and safety-specific contingent reward (CR) leadership behaviors were obtained by means of questionnaires. Cross-lagged panel models were tested within a path model framework to test the hypothesis that site managers' leadership behaviors prospectively influence supervisors' leadership behaviors. RESULTS: Site managers' CR behaviors prospectively influenced supervisors' CR behaviors, both generic CR behaviors (ß= 0.29, p = 0.01) and safety-specific CR behaviors (ß= 0.22, p = 0.04). For safety-specific CR behaviors, a reversed effect (ß= 0.26, p = 0.03) was also found, implying that supervisors' behaviors prospectively influenced site managers' behaviors. CONCLUSION: Site managers act as role models for supervisors when it comes to developing safety-leadership behaviors on construction sites. The results also indicate that site managers are influenced by their subordinate supervisors' safety-leadership behaviors. Hence, there seems to be reciprocal interaction between site managers and supervisors in which they influence each other and together shape safety-leadership practices at their construction sites.

Depressive Disorders and Associated Factors among Farmers in Andhra Pradesh: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: In the two decades from 1995 to 2018, approximately 48 farmers committed suicide every day, accounting for over 0.4 million deaths. Despite farmer's mental health being a priority, studies on farmers' mental health in general and depressive disorders in particular are limited. Aim: This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated with depressive disorders among farmers in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among a random sample of 360 farmers. Depressive disorders were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Mild-to-moderate depressive disorders were the outcome variable. Factors associated with depressive disorders were identified using binary logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of depressive disorders was 22.2% (95% CI = 18.0%-26.9%). Female farmers (AOR = 4.16; 95% CI = 1.19-14.57), farmers aged ≥57 years (AOR = 4.90; 95% CI = 1.44-16.63), and single farmers (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI = 2.08-11.80) have greater odds of having depressive disorders. Conclusion: Efforts are required to address depressive disorders among farmers focusing on females, older farmers, and households reporting hospitalization. Since depressive disorders are closely associated with suicide attempts, these efforts are essential to avoid suicides resulting from depressive disorders.

Influence of destructive leadership behaviors on the meaning of work and work productivity.

This study aimed to determine the influence of destructive leadership behaviors on employees' meaning of work and work productivity, using a longitudinal research design. Local government organizations in a municipality in Sweden were invited to participate in the study. Self-rated questionnaire data on employees' meaning of work and work productivity was collected at four time points over a period of 18 months, and 582 employees responded to the questionnaire on one or more occasions. A 4-item Destructive Leadership Scale (DLS) was developed and used at the first time point to assess the destructive leadership behaviors of incoherent planning, assigning unnecessary tasks, ambiguous expectations, and autocratic behavior. Latent growth models were used to analyze the influence of destructive leadership on the change in employees' meaning of work and work productivity over the 18-month period. The results show that destructive leadership has a significant negative influence on employees' meaning of work (ß = -0.44, p = 0.02) and work productivity (ß = -0.46, p = 0.04). The effect sizes were greater than those identified in previous cross-sectional studies, indicating that the effects of destructive leadership may accumulate and become more important over time. Important destructive leadership behaviors include incoherent planning, assigning unnecessary tasks, ambiguous expectations, and autocratic behavior. These behaviors have a significant negative effect on employees' meaning of work and work productivity. Proactive assessment of destructive leadership behaviors is warranted to improve future selection and training of managers.

The role of the industrial psychologist in managing the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the workplace.

Recently, the world experienced dramatic changes due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Working remotely led to employees feeling isolated and experiencing fatigue and depression. The responsibility of addressing the psychological wellbeing of employees lies with industrial psychology practitioners. They support line management by counseling employees experiencing social and psychological problems. The objective of the present study was to explore the role of the industrial psychology practitioner in managing the psychological impact of COVID-19 on employees. Using a homogeneous sampling technique, a qualitative research design was employed based on social constructivism. Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative survey were utilized to gather the data from industrial psychology practitioners (n = 22) registered as psychologists and interns. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. Most participants believed that the onset of COVID-19 led to accelerated change in the workplace. The findings suggest that an industrial psychology practitioner's role in the changing world of work enables organizations to be prepared for the changes by providing multi-level interventions. Recommendations are made to organizations to implement interventions to facilitate support for employees in their attempt to deal with the psychological impact of COVID-19 on employees.

Organizational climate and interpersonal interactions among registered nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit: A qualitative study.

AIM: The aim of this work is to describe the organizational climate and interpersonal interactions experienced by registered nurses in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. BACKGROUND: Neonatal nurses have a demanding task in caring for a varied, highly vulnerable patient population and supporting patients' families. Nurses' psychosocial work environment affects quality of care as well as nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment. METHOD: Semistructured interviews with 13 nurses, covering numerous aspects of their psychosocial work environment, were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: High staff turnover and a preponderance of inexperienced nurses were described as stressful and detrimental to group cohesion. Work at the unit was considered overly demanding for newly qualified nurses, while senior nurses expressed frustration at the work of training new nurses who might not stay. While some were very satisfied with the group climate, others complained of a negative climate and incivilities from some experienced nurses toward new recruits. CONCLUSIONS: High turnover and variable competence among staff present challenges for maintaining a positive organizational climate. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Management should communicate a clear sense of the nature of neonatal intensive care when recruiting, foster group cohesion (e.g., by creating stable work teams) and reward commitment to working at the unit.

The Adverse Environmental Impact Factors Analysis on Fly-In-Fly-Out Personnel at Industrial Enterprises.

(1) Background: the research purpose is to identify and describe the general and different factors of adverse environmental impact on FIFO personnel at industrial enterprises at different levels of differential analysis of professional activity. (2) Methods: The research involved 359 employees of industrial enterprises with FIFO work organization. The study was carried out using a questionnaire, including a subjective assessment of the discomfort of three groups of negative environment impact factors to the FIFO personnel: climatic-geographical, industrial and social. (3) Results: The relationship between the increase in the degree of discomfort of production factors due to the in-fluence of climatic, geographical and social conditions has been established. With a various location of objects, the greatest discomfort is felt from the action of climatic and production factors; with varying degrees of group isolation and the shift period duration-all three groups, with the greatest influence of domestic and social; in various industries and enterprises-all three groups. (4) Conclusions: The differential analysis of the professional activities of FIFO personnel of industrial enterprises should be carried out at the following levels: the location of an industrial facility, the degree of group isolation, the duration of the shift period, the industry, the type of enterprise and the professional group.

Perspectivas francesas na psicologia do trabalho: análise dos processos de apropriação no brasil / Perspectivas francesas de la psicología del trabajo: análisis de los procesos de apropiación en brasil / French perspectives in work psychology: analysis of appropriation processes in brazil

Resumo: A Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e a Ergologia, assim como disciplinas aderentes às Clínicas do Trabalho, têm sido apropriadas como referencial recorrente por pesquisadorxs brasileirxs. Sendo assim, este artigo pretende analisar os desenvolvimentos histórico-sociais dessa relação de centro e periferia, entre França e Brasil, considerando que tal apropriação deve ser avaliada de forma crítica. Assim, sob o objetivo de analisar as relações entre as perspectivas francesas da Psicologia do Trabalho e a historicidade dos processos de apropriação de tais ideias no Brasil, foram avaliados o cenário da emergência de estudos franceses e seus percursos no Brasil, a partir da disseminação da Psicotécnica. O estudo mostrou a importância de historicamente se identificar a forma assimétrica como as perspectivas francesas da Psicologia do Trabalho foram apropriadas, ora em consonância com o ideário liberal (nos anos 1920-1940), ora em oposição às correntes neoliberais (a partir dos anos 1980/1990).

Resumen: La Psicodinámica del Trabajo y la Ergología, así como disciplinas adheridas a las Clínicas del Trabajo, han sido apropiadas como referencia recurrente por investigadorxs brasileñxs. Por lo tanto, este artículo pretende analizar los desarrollos histórico-sociales de esta relación entre centro y periferia, considerando que tal apropiación debe ser evaluada críticamente. Así, con el objetivo de analizar las relaciones entre las perspectivas francesas de la Psicología del Trabajo y la historicidad de los procesos de apropiación de tales ideas en Brasil, se evaluó el escenario del surgimiento de los estudios franceses y sus caminos en Brasil, a partir de la difusión de la Psicotecnia. El estudio mostró la importancia de identificar históricamente la forma asimétrica en que se apropiaron las perspectivas francesas de la Psicología del Trabajo, ya sea en consonancia con las ideas liberales (en las décadas de 1920-1940), o en oposición a las corrientes neoliberales (de los años 1980/1990).

Abstract: The Psychodynamics of Work and Ergology, as well as disciplines adhering to Work Clinics, have been appropriated as a recurring reference by Brazilian researchers. Therefore, this article intends to analyze the historical-social developments of the relationship between center and periphery, France and Brazil, considering that such appropriation must be critically evaluated. Thus, aiming to analyze the relations between the French perspectives of Work Psychology and the historicity of the processes of appropriation of such ideas in Brazil, the scenario of the emergence of French studies and their paths in Brazil were evaluated, as from the dissemination of the Psychotechnics. The study showed the importance of historically identifying the asymmetrical way in which the French perspectives of Work Psychology were appropriated, either in consonance with liberal ideas (in the 1920s-1940s), either in opposition to neo-liberal currents (from the 1980s/1990s).

Does sulfuric acid have a 'protective' effect on battery recyclers exposed to lead?

Culturally significant interventions to prevent lead exposure of battery recyclers are required. Sulfuric acid used in batteries causes skin lesions and could facilitate the recognition of hazards. This study explored whether joint exposure to lead and sulfuric acid can be used in interventions to manage hazardous work conditions. Data were collected from 120 informal workers, and the blood lead level was measured. Predictors of blood lead levels were explored using a tobit model. The median blood lead level was 9.45 µg/dL (Q75-Q25: 48.9 µg/dL); when lead and sulfuric acid exposure occurred, the level increased to 11.44 µg/dL, and when exposure to lead and other substances occurred, the level was 11.50 µg/dL. Workers are unaware of the risks of obvious and acute silent chronic exposure. Future preventive interventions could confront the economic benefits of battery recycling with the recognition of susceptibility and severity related to lead and sulfuric acid exposure.

Job Stress and Working Capacity among Fly-In-Fly-Out Workers in the Oil and Gas Extraction Industries in the Arctic.

(1) Background: the research purpose is to identify and describe the stress and working capacity dynamics of oil and gas fly-in-fly-out (FIFO) workers in the Arctic during the fly-in period using biochemical, psychophysiological and psychological methods with further analysis of the relationship between them using objective, subjective and projective indicators. (2) Methods: The research involved 70 oil and gas FIFO specialists in the Arctic. The study of stress and working capacity was carried out using biochemical (saliva analysis for cortisol), psychophysiological (complex visual-motor reaction and variational cardiointervalometry) and psychological (questionnaire "Well-being. Activity. Mood", M. Luscher's color test and the subjective control level methods. (3) Results: There is a similarity in the dynamic curves of oil and gas FIFO employees' stress and working objective, subjective and projective indicators during the fly-in period. The maximum relationships number was obtained between objective cortisol indicators in saliva (stress), complex visual-motor response indicators (operator working capacity), variational cardiointervalometry (functionality level), and interpretation coefficients (working capacity, stress, vegetative balance) according to M. Luscher's test. (4) Conclusions: The obtained results made it possible to explain the mechanisms underlying the previously developed FIFO workers' adaptation strategies classification, in which emergency and economic adaptation strategies were identified.

[Prediction Model for Nursing Work Outcome of Nurses: Focused on Positive Psychological Capital].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model on nursing work outcomes based on Youssef and Luthans' positive psychological capital and integrated conceptual framework of work performance. METHODS: This study used a structured questionnaire administered to 340 nurses. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Positive psychological capital showed indirect and direct effects on job satisfaction, retention intention, organizational citizenship behavior, and nursing performance. While, the nursing work environment had direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction and nursing performance, it only had indirect effects on intention to work and organizational citizenship behavior. Additionally, a mediating effect on retention intention and organizational citizenship behavior was found between job satisfaction and nursing performance variables. CONCLUSION: The nursing organization needs to build a supportive work environment and reinforce positive psychological capital to improve nursing performance. Additionally, it needs to actively manage the necessary parameters involved in the stages of job satisfaction, retention intention, nursing performance, and organizational citizenship behavior of nurses. The findings propose the continuous management of nursing personnel based on nurses' attitude outcome, behavioral intention, behavioral outcome, and stage of role performance.

Prediction Model for Nursing Work Outcome of Nurses: Focused on Positive Psychological Capital / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model on nursing work outcomes based on Youssef and Luthans' positive psychological capital and integrated conceptual framework of work performance.METHODS: This study used a structured questionnaire administered to 340 nurses. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.RESULTS: Positive psychological capital showed indirect and direct effects on job satisfaction, retention intention, organizational citizenship behavior, and nursing performance. While, the nursing work environment had direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction and nursing performance, it only had indirect effects on intention to work and organizational citizenship behavior. Additionally, a mediating effect on retention intention and organizational citizenship behavior was found between job satisfaction and nursing performance variables.CONCLUSION: The nursing organization needs to build a supportive work environment and reinforce positive psychological capital to improve nursing performance. Additionally, it needs to actively manage the necessary parameters involved in the stages of job satisfaction, retention intention, nursing performance, and organizational citizenship behavior of nurses. The findings propose the continuous management of nursing personnel based on nurses' attitude outcome, behavioral intention, behavioral outcome, and stage of role performance.

Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho no Sul do Brasil: características dos profissionais, da atuação e dos contextos de trabalho / Industrial and Organizational Psychology in Southern Brazil: characteristics of professionals, practices, and work contexts / Psicología Organizacional y del Trabajo en el Sur de Brasil: características de los profesionales, de la actuación y de los contextos de trabajo

Este estudo descreve a atuação dos psicólogos no campo da POT no sul do Brasil. 300 participantes que atuam nos três estados da Região Sul responderam a um questionário online. Os resultados indicaram que: são mulheres (88,3%), têm até 49 anos (75,3%), são especialistas (62,7%), registrados no CRP (90%), realizam atividades de atualização (76,3%), fundamentam seu trabalho em alguma teoria psicológica (47%), realizam avaliação psicológica (63,7%) e emitem laudos (60%), não são contratados como psicólogos (72,1%) e atuam de forma predominantemente individual. Suas principais atividades são predominantemente relacionadas à gestão de pessoas (99%), destacadamente em treinamento (55%) e recrutamento e seleção (53%). Contrariamente aos relatos da literatura sobre POT, o campo de atuação profissional continua restrito às atividades tradicionais que o caracterizaram ao longo do século XX. Conclui-se que compete aos profissionais da área esforços para a ampliar o campo, já que isso não surgirá como demanda espontânea das organizações.

This study describes the scope of practice of work and organizational (I/O) psychologists in the Southern Region of Brazil. A total of 300 participants who work in the three states of the Southern Region answered a questionnaire online. Results indicated that they: are mainly women (88.3%), up to 49 years old (75.3%), specialists (62.7%), registered with the Regional Council on Psychology (CRP) (90%), engage in activities to stay up-to-date (76.3%), base their work on some psychological theory (47%), do psychological evaluations (63.7%) and issue psychological reports (60%), are not contracted as psychologists (72.1%), and mainly work individually. Their main activities are predominantly related to human resources management (99%), especially training (55%), and recruitment and selection (53%). Contrary to the literature on I/O psychology, the scope of practice remains restricted to the traditional activities developed throughout the twentieth century. We conclude that it is the responsibility of professionals working in the field to expand it, since this will not emerge as spontaneous demand from organizations.

Este estudio describe el alcance de la práctica profesional de los psicólogos organizacionales y del trabajo (POT) en la región sur de Brasil. Los 300 participantes, que trabajan en los tres estados de la Región Sur, respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Los resultados indicaron que: son mujeres (88.3%), tienen hasta 49 años (75.3%), especialistas (62.7%), registrados en CRP (90%), basan su trabajo en alguna teoría psicológica (47%), realizan evaluación psicológica (63.7%) y emiten laudos psicológicos (60%), no son contratados como psicólogos (72.1%) y trabajan individualmente. Sus actividades principales están relacionadas con la gestión de recursos humanos (99%), especialmente la capacitación, (55%) reclutamiento y selección (53%). Contrariamente a la literatura sobre POT, el alcance de la práctica sigue restricta a las actividades tradicionales desarrolladas a lo largo del siglo XX. Concluyese que es responsabilidad de los profesionales que trabajan en el campo ampliarlo, ya que esto no surgirá como una demanda espontánea de las organizaciones-

Associations among job demands and resources, work engagement, and psychological distress: fixed-effects model analysis in Japan.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations among job demands and resources, work engagement, and psychological distress, adjusted for time-invariant individual attributes. METHODS: We used data from a Japanese occupational cohort survey, which included 18,702 observations of 7,843 individuals. We investigated how work engagement, measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, was associated with key aspects of job demands and resources, using fixed-effects regression models. We further estimated the fixed-effects models to assess how work engagement moderated the association between each job characteristic and psychological distress as measured by Kessler 6 scores. RESULTS: The fixed-effects models showed that work engagement was positively associated with job resources, as did pooled cross-sectional and prospective cohort models. Specifically, the standardized regression coefficients (ß) were 0.148 and 0.120 for extrinsic reward and decision latitude, respectively, compared to -0.159 and 0.020 for role ambiguity and workload and time pressure, respectively (p < 0.001 for all associations). Work engagement modestly moderated the associations of psychological distress with workload and time pressure and extrinsic reward; a one-standard deviation increase in work engagement moderated their associations by 19.2% (p < 0.001) and 11.3% (p = 0.034), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Work engagement was associated with job demands and resources, which is in line with the theoretical prediction of the job demands-resources model, even after controlling for time-invariant individual attributes. Work engagement moderated the association between selected aspects of job demands and resources and psychological distress.

Quantitative olfactory disorders and occupational exposure to phenolic resins.

BACKGROUND: To investigate whether exposure to phenolic resins (PR) is associated with quantitative olfactory disorders (QOD), a cross-sectional study of self-reported olfactory impairment (SROI) was performed in occupationally exposed subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-six workers (45 males, 21 females) at the age (mean ± standard deviation) of 39.8±10.15 years old were divided into 3 exposure groups on the basis of biological exposure indices (BEI) for urinary phenols. It was asked whether the sense of smell has been normal or abnormal during the recent 2 months: the participants were eventually divided into self-reported normosmic, hyposmic, hyperosmic groups. RESULTS: Prevalence of the SROI was 45.5%, with 21 (31.8%) workers complaining about the hyposmia, 12 (18.2%) - anosmia and 9 (13.6%) - hyperosmia. In univariate analyses, female sex was associated with the SROI and the hyperosmia. Highly exposed workers showed the SROI more frequently (odds ratio (OR) = 4.714; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.077-20.626) than those not exposed (reference) or low exposed (OR = 1.333; 95% CI: 0.416-4.274). In multivariate analyses, female sex was the main risk factor for the SROI (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 5.622; 95% CI: 1.525-20.722) and the hyperosmia (ORa = 25.143; 95% CI: 2.379-265.7) but a high exposure to phenol (ORa = 11.133; 95% CI: 1.060-116.9) was the main risk factor for the anosmia. CONCLUSIONS: This study has found slight evidence among the cross-section of chemical industry workers that the exposure to phenol may be associated with the SROI. On the other hand, self-reporting of the QOD may be biased by personal factors and further research with objective measurement is therefore required. Med Pr 2016;67(2):173-186.

Determinación del nivel de Engagement laboral en trabajadores de una planta de producción de petróleo y gas costa afuera en México / Determination of the level of work Engagement among employees of an oil and gas facility offshore in Mexico

OBJETIVO GENERAL: Iniciar actividades relativas al entorno organizacional del centro de trabajo acorde a la nueva legislación en México, resultado de la Reforma Laboral. OBJETIVO ESPECÍFICO: determinar del nivel de engagement laboral de los empleados de un centro procesador de gas y aceite costa afuera. MÉTODO: Observacional, transversal y descriptivo. Se utilizó el cuestionario UWES-17 de la Occupational Health Psychology Unit of Utrecht University, versión hispana internacional. El método de selección fue aleatorio. RESULTADOS: El promedio general del nivel de engagement fue alto con puntaje 5 en 50,8% de la población. 23% de trabajadores presentaron completo estado de engagement (muy alto). La subescala dedicación resultó con nivel de 5,32, seguido del vigor con 4,8 y finalmente la absorción con 4,62. De acuerdo al perfil de trabajo, aquellos con actividades técnicas y operativas mostraron alta calificación de engagement, mayor que aquellos en línea de mando. DISCUSIÓN: La investigación del engagements importante para conocer el compromiso que los empleados tienen con la organización. CONCLUSIÓN: Se determinó el nivel de engagement laboral en el centro de trabajo; los resultados serán de utilidad para el equipo multidisciplinario de Salud en el Trabajo en la planeación de actividades promotoras del entorno organizacional acorde a la nueva legislación mexicana.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Initiate activities to know the organizational environment of the workplace according to new legislation in Mexico, as result of the Labor Reform. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: to determine the level of work engagement of employees on board an oil and gas mexican offshore facility. METHOD: This was observation a land descriptive; the UWES-17 questionnaire Occupational Health Psychology Unit of Utrecht University, international Spanish version, was used. The method of selection was random. Results: The overall average level of engagement was high with score 5 on 50,8% of the population. 23% had complete state of engagement (very high). Dedication subscale score was 5,32 points, followed by vigor with 4,8, and finally absorption with 4,62. According job profile, workers with technical and operation activities showed higher level of engagement than those with command capacities. DISCUSSION: Investigation of engagement is important to know the level of commitment that employees have with the organization. CONCLUSION: The level of work engagement was determined in the workplace; the results will be useful for the multidisciplinary team of health at work in planning promotional activities of the organizational environment as required by new legislation in Mexico.

Usability and training differences between two personal insulin pumps.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were usability and training differences between the Medtronic MiniMed Paradigm Revel Insulin Pump and the Tandem Diabetes Care t:slim Insulin Pump during use by representative users, performing representative tasks, in a simulated use environment. This study utilized a between-subjects experimental design with a total of 72 participants from 5 sites across the United States. Study participants were randomized to either the Revel pump group or the t:slim Pump group. Participants were 18 years of age or older and managed their diabetes using multiple daily insulin injections. Dependent variables included training time, training satisfaction, time on task, task failures, System Usability Scale (SUS) ratings, perceived task difficulty, and a pump survey that measured different aspects of the pumps and training sessions. There was a statistically significant difference in training times and error rates between the t:slim and Revel groups. The training time difference represented a 27% reduction in time to train on the t:slim versus the Revel pump. There was a 65% reduction in participants' use error rates between the t:slim and the Revel group. The t:slim Pump had statistically significant training and usability advantages over the Revel pump. The reduction in training time may have been a result of an optimized information architecture, an intuitive navigational layout, and an easy-to-read screen. The reduction in use errors with the t:slim may have been a result of dynamic error handling and active confirmation screens, which may have prevented programming errors.

Trabalho em turnos e dimensões sociais: um estudo na indústria têxtil / Shiftwork and social dimensions: A study in the textile industry / Trabajo por turnos y dimensiones sociales: Un estudio en la industria textil

O trabalho em turnos tem sido associado a diversas consequências na vida dos trabalhadores. Este estudo analisa as consequências do trabalho em turnos ao nível familiar, social e organizacional e de que forma tais dimensões podem interferir na adaptação a estes horários. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 239 trabalhadores de uma empresa têxtil portuguesa, distribuídos pelos seguintes horários: convencional (08h-12h30/13h30-17h), 1º turno (06h/14h; turno da manhã), 2º turno (14h/22h; turno da tarde) e 3º turno (22h/06h; turno da noite). Na coleta de dados foi usado um questionário para avaliar, entre outros aspectos, a relação do horário de trabalho com a vida conjugal, a vida social ou o apoio da empresa. Os resultados apontam para uma preferência dos trabalhadores relativamente ao 1º turno, tendo este obtido os melhores scores em todos os aspectos. O horário convencional, por sua vez, apresenta os scores mais reduzidos. Genericamente, os resultados apontam para a importância de dimensões sociais na gestão do tempo de trabalho.(AU)

Shiftwork has been associated to several consequences on the lives of workers. This study analyzes such consequences at the family, social and organizational levels, and how these dimensions may affect the workers’ adaptation to these work schedules. A sample of 239 workers from a Portuguese textile factory was used in this study, subject to four types of work schedule: standard (8 a.m.-12:30 p.m./1:30 p.m.-5 p.m.), morning shift (6 a.m.-2 p.m.), evening shift (2 p.m.-10 p.m.) and night shift (10 p.m.-6 a.m.). Data were collected by means of a questionnaire which evaluated, among other things, the relationship between working time and conjugal life, social life or organizational support. Results indicate that workers have a preference for the morning shift which achieved the best scores in all aspects. The standard work schedule in turn shows the lowest scores. In a general way, results point to the importance of the social dimensions in the management of working time.(AU)

El trabajo por turnos se asocia con varias consecuencias para la vida de los trabajadores. Este estudio examina los efectos del trabajo por turnos a nivel familiar, social y organizacional, y de cómo estas dimensiones pueden interferir con la adaptación a estos horarios. Participaron 239 trabajadores de una empresa textil, distribuidos por horarios: convencional (08h-12h30/13h30-17h), turno de mañana (06h/14h), turno de tarde (14h/22h) y turno de noche (22/06h). Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario para evaluar, entre otras cosas, la relación entre el tipo de horario y la vida conyugal y social, así como el apoyo de la empresa. Los resultados apuntan para una preferencia de los trabajadores del turno de mañana, teniendo estos trabajadores los mejores resultados en todos los aspectos. Por contrario, los trabajadores del horario convencional tienen los valores más bajos. En general, los resultados apuntan a la importancia de la dimensión social en la gestión del tiempo de trabajo.(AU)